在《名词解释》的这一部分，你可能会惊奇地发现有很多词语其实并没有在本书中出现过。我把这些专业名词添加进来，是考虑到一些读者在语言病理学方面的知识可能还比较匮乏。这些额外添加的专业名词，常常会出现在口吃问题的相关书籍当中；而对于这些专业名词的准确意思，很多读者可能并不大了解。通过阅读本文，这部分读者可以学习到更多的有关于口吃的知识。
为了方便各位读者进一步的查阅相关外文资料，并且最大限度的减少出错率。在名词解释这一部分，我采取了同时列出“原文解释”和“相应中文翻译”的方式，方便大家进行对照查阅。如果你在阅读的过程中，发现我的翻译有任何错误的地方，也欢迎你给我指正出来，谢谢了！
这份《名词解释》是按照相应英文术语的字母顺序排列和组织的。
在名词的具体解释当中，黑体加粗的词语表示该名词本身也是一个专业名词，在本文中你可以找到它的具体解释。
F字头部分：
- Fear. The apprehension of unpleasantness which arises when the stutterer consciously perceives situations which lead him to anticipate difficulty talking. This fear of difficulty may be and often is intense. It can and sometimes does temporarily paralyze thought and action. Stuttering is usually relatively proportionate to the amount of fear present. Stuttering fears may be of persons, of sounds or words, or of situations such as talking in groups or on the telephone, etc.
恐惧（Fear）：这指的是当口吃者意识到周围的环境将会造成自己口吃时，他所感到的那种不愉快的焦虑。这种对于口吃的恐惧可能是，也经常是非常强烈的。它可能会造成，并且有时也的确造成了思维和身体行动的暂时性麻痹。口吃的严重程度通常是与口吃者对其恐惧感的多少成正比的。口吃恐惧的对象可以是某个人、某个语音或词语、或者是某个对话环境，诸如在众人面前说话，或打电话等等。 - Feared word/Feared sound. This term refers to a word or sound upon which the stutterer anticipates difficulty. Stutterers frequently attempt to avoid feared words and sounds by word substitutions, circumlocutions or paraphrasing the utterance.
恐惧性词语/恐惧性语音（feared word/feared sound）：这个名词指的是口吃者预料到自己会发生口吃的某个词或某个语音。口吃者经常试图通过词语的替代，委婉表述或解释这个词语来逃避恐惧性词语或语音。 - Feedback. The process of modifying one’s own responses based on either internal or external cues. Returning a portion of the output of a transmitted signal as input for self regulation. The reinforcing effect of the stutterer’s auditory or proprioceptive perceptions of his own speech. (Also see corrective feedback and delayed auditory feedback.)
反馈（Feedback）：某个人基于内在刺激信号或外在刺激信号来修正自身反应的过程；将输出的传导信号的一部分返回，作为用于自我校正的输入信号；口吃者对于自身语言表达的听觉感知或本体感知的不断强化。（参见 矫正反馈 和 延迟听觉反馈） - Fixation. The maintenance of an articulatory or phonatory posture for an abnormal duration; the temporary arresting of the speech muscles in a rigid position. The airway is abnormally constricted, but not completely blocked. Fixations typically result in the production of sounds which may be both audible and vocalized (wwwine) or audible but not vocalized (fffffine.)
僵硬状态（Fixation）：这指的是口吃者的某种说话或发音姿势的持续时间非正常地延长了；语言肌肉处于暂时的刚性状态。气流的通道被不正常地压缩变窄了，但还没有完全地被阻断。僵硬状态通常是由于口吃者试图发出有声的语音而导致的，这些语音既包括了辅音变元音的（我我我我），也包括了没有变元音的（飞飞飞飞）。 - Fluency. Fluent speech involves the ability to talk with normal levels of continuity, rate, rhythm and effort. Fluency involves the smoothness with which units of speech (sounds, syllables, words, phrases) flow together. Fluent speech flows easily and is usually made without effort. Abnormally broken, slow, or effortful speech is not fluent.
流畅（Fluency）：流畅的语言表达指的是能够以正常的连贯程度，语速，节奏和力度来说话的能力。流畅指的是语言表达的各种单元（语音、音节、词语、短语）一起从嘴中连贯而出的平滑程度。流畅的语言表达的流动都是轻柔的，通常也是毫不用力的。不正常的中断、减慢、或用力的语言表达不能被算作是“流畅”。 - Fluency shaping. Fluency shaping therapy is usually based on operant conditioning and programming principles; e.g., breath stream management, successive approximations, reinforcement of fluency targets such as fluency enhancing behaviors, etc. Some form of fluency is first established in a controlled stimulus situation. This fluency is reinforced and gradually modified to approximate normal conversational speech in the clinical setting. This speech is then transferred to the person’s daily speaking environment.
流畅塑造法（fluency shaping）：流畅塑造疗法通常是建立在“操作性条件反射”和“程序原理”上的；比如，呼吸气流控制法，循序渐进学习法，以及像是“流畅增强行为”等目标式流畅强化技巧，等等。某些形式的语言流畅一开始是建立在某个人为控制的刺激条件下的。在临床的条件下，这种语言流畅被人为地反复强化，并逐渐加以修正，以使其逐渐近似于正常对话中的语言表达。最终，这种语言表达方式被移植到了患者日常的生活与对话环境中。 - Frustration tolerance. The capacity of the stutterer to resist feelings of frustration because of his inability to speak without difficulty; the ability to put up with or endure the communication handicaps resulting from not being able to talk freely.
挫折承受能力（frustration tolerance）：这指的是口吃者承受由于自身缺乏流畅语言表达能力所带来的挫折感的能力；指的是口吃者容忍或忍耐由于不能够自由说话而带来的沟通障碍的能力。