联系童镭

《口吃者的自我治疗》第10修订版·名词解释·G~I

在《名词解释》的这一部分,你可能会惊奇地发现有很多词语其实并没有在本书中出现过。我把这些专业名词添加进来,是考虑到一些读者在语言病理学方面的知识可能还比较匮乏。这些额外添加的专业名词,常常会出现在口吃问题的相关书籍当中;而对于这些专业名词的准确意思,很多读者可能并不大了解。通过阅读本文,这部分读者可以学习到更多的有关于口吃的知识。

为了方便各位读者进一步的查阅相关外文资料,并且最大限度的减少出错率。在名词解释这一部分,我采取了同时列出“原文解释”和“相应中文翻译”的方式,方便大家进行对照查阅。如果你在阅读的过程中,发现我的翻译有任何错误的地方,也欢迎你给我指正出来,谢谢了!

这份《名词解释》是按照相应英文术语的字母顺序排列和组织的。

在名词的具体解释当中,黑体加粗的词语表示该名词本身也是一个专业名词,在本文中你可以找到它的具体解释。

G字头~I字头部分

  • Genetic. Inherited, as determined through genes, but not necessarily congenitally present at birth. Some persons believe that stuttering, or at least some stuttering subtypes, may have an etiologic (causative) basis in genetically inherited traits, tendencies or predispositions.
    基因性的(Genetic):遗传的,是由基因所决定的,虽然不一定会在出生时就表现出来。一些人相信口吃,或者至少是部分类型的口吃,可能拥有基因性的遗传特征、倾向或过敏体质的病源学基础。
  • Group therapy. The counseling of and among stutterers in a group, including the use of speech within such a social situation. The interchange of feelings, ideas and discussions about stuttering problems in a group gives the stutterer emotional release and helps him to develop better insights and understanding through a knowledge of how others react to their problems.
    集体治疗(Group therapy):这指的是在某个集体中,口吃者与他人、或口吃者之间进行的讨论交流活动,并包括在这样的一个社交场合中训练自己的语言表达。在某个集体中,相互交换彼此对于口吃问题的感觉、想法和论述,能够让口吃者获得心理上的安慰。并且,口吃者能够从中了解到其他正常人对于口吃的真实看法和态度,从而培养出更好的思想内在和对于口吃问题的理解。
  • Hard contact. The result of tightness or tension in the muscles of the tongue and/or lips and/or jaw, etc., when the stutterer fears and attempts to say plosive consonant sounds such as p, b, t, d, k, g.
    硬性过渡(hard contact):这是由舌头、嘴唇或下颚这一个或几个部位的肌肉僵硬或绷紧所导致的状态,发生在口吃者感到害怕,却又试图发出某个爆破辅音的时候,诸如p, b, t, d, k, g。
  • In-block correction. This refers to a process the stutterer goes through to correct the production of a stuttered word while he is stuttering on it. See pull-out.
    口吃中的矫正技巧(in-block correction):
    指的是当口吃者在某个词语上口吃时,进行修正这个口吃词语的发音方式的一种处理技巧。参见 抽离技巧
  • Incidence. The incidence of stuttering refers to how many people have stut¬tered at some time in their lives. Although researchers have used different methodologies to gather these data, and since they have used slightly different definitions of stuttering, it is estimated that about 5% of the population have experienced periods of stuttering lasting longer than six months. Estimates of incidence, inclusive of children who may have evidenced periods of stuttering lasting for only a short time period, are as high as 15%. (See prevalence.)
    影响范围(incidence):口吃的影响范围指的是有多少人会在一生当中的某段时期中出现口吃问题。虽然不同的研究者对口吃的定义有着微小的差别,因而运用了各种不同的研究方法来归纳整理相关数据,但是,他们中的大多数人都估计占总体人口5%的人群,在其一生当中会经历一段至少六个月的口吃时期。而人们估计口吃的影响范围,如果包括那些经历过一段短暂但明显的口吃时期的儿童,会高达总体人口的15%。(参见 流行程度
  • Inhibition. Restraint on one’s ability to act by either conscious or subconscious processes: the partial checking or complete blocking of one impulse or mental process by another nearly simultaneous impulse or mental process. The fear of stuttering tends to inhibit the stutterer’s impulse or desire to speak.
    抑制作用(Inhibition):指的是通过意识的或潜意识的方法克制一个人的行为能力:某种本能或心理运动被另一种几乎同时发生的本能或心理运动所部分抑制或完全阻断。比如:对于口吃的恐惧倾向于抑制口吃者说话的本能或愿望。
  • Introvert. An inward oriented personality; one who prefers his own thoughts and activities to association with others; one primarily interested or preoccupied with self. Contrasted with extrovert.
    内向性格(Introvert):一种自我导向的人格类型;一种相较于与他人协作,更希望进行自我思考和行动的人;一类主要是对自我更加感兴趣,或更加关注自我的人。与“外向性格”是反义词。

欢迎你将本文推荐给其它口吃者!
转载时请注明:转载自口吃百科全书 [ http://www.okoci.com/ ]
本文链接地址:http://www.okoci.com/2007/04/kou-chi-zi-wo-zhi-liao-ming-ci-g/

发表评论

你的邮件地址 不会 被公开或共享. 标记为 * 的为必填项目

*
*